Harrow.



No. 637,999. Patented-Nov.: 28, 1899. J. ASHCRAFT.-

HABBUW.

(Application Sled .Tune 2B, 1899.) ma Model.) 2 sheefs-shet l.

No. 637,999. Patented Nov. 28, |899.

J. ASHCRAFT.

` HAnnow. (Application med June 2S, 1899.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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UNITED 'STATES PATENT OFFICE.Y

JACOB ASHORAFT, OF FRAZEYSBURG, OHIO.

HARRow.

SPECIFICATION forming part f Letters Patent N0. 637,999, dated November28, 1899.` l

Application liled June 28, 1899. Serial No. 722,157. (No model.)

To all whom t may con/cern:

Be it known that I, JACOB AsHcRAFT, a citizen of the United States,residing at Frazeysburg, in the county of Muskingum and State of Ohio,have invented a new and useful Harrow, of which the following is aspecication.

My invention relates to improvements in wheeled harrows; and the objectin view is to provide a simple and compact implement by which the clodsmay be crushed and theV series of crushing-bars and carrying a series ofpivoted teeth adapted to coactwith the bars in crushing the clods,andthis main frame and the pivoted teethare adjustable independently bysuitable levers. On the pivot for the crushing-frame is hung anotherframe which carries a shaft that is equipped with revoluble toothedheads, and this head-carrying frame is connected operatively with thelever by which the toothed heads may be raised above the crushing-bars.The crushing-frame and the head-carrying frame are adapted to be raisedsimultaneously with relation to the wheeled frame for the purpose ofmoving the operating elements above the ground-line and enabling themachine to be transported to or from the field Without permitting theteeth to touch the soil.

The invention consists in the novel combination of elements and in theconstruction and arrangement of parts which will be hereinafter fullydescribed and claimed.

To enable others to understand the invention, I have illustrated thepreferred embodiment thereof in the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification', and in which- Figure l is a perspectiveView of a harrow constructed in accordance With my invention and showingthe head-carrying frame raised out of operative relation to the ground.Fig. 2is a plan view. Fig. `3 is a longitudinal sectin with the partslowered to their operative positions and on the plane indicated by thedotted line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a similar 11, and two pairs of sidebars 12, which are joined firmly to the front and rear rails and.produce a substantially rigid construction.

The carrying-wheels 13 are disposed in the spaces between the pairs ofside bars, and said wheels are mounted on axles 14, which are fitted inbearings lia, provided on the side bars 12. The draft-tongue 15 issecured in any approved way to the front rail 10 of the wheeled frame.This front rail ofthe wheeled frame supports the horizontal pivotalifodfl, which is disposed transversely across the machine within theside bars 12 thereof, and said front rail lO is furthermore providedwith pairs of lugs 17, which extend rearwardly fromv the rail toward thepivotal rod 16. The pivotal rod furnishes the support for the front endof the clod-crushing frame and the head-carrying frame, so that the twoframes are mounted on a common pivotal connection with the main frame;but it will be evident that the frames may be supported by separate orindependent pivots within the province of a skilled constructor.

The clod-crushing frame consists of a plurality of longitudinal curvedbars 18, a rear cross-rail 19, and a series of teeth 20.v Thelongitudinal curved bars are arranged in parallel relation, so as-tooccupy the same positions throughout the width of the frame,

land the lower convex edges of these bars are presented to the groundfor the purpose of assisting the teeth 20 in crushing the clods. Therear rail`l9 is united firmly to the rear ends of the longitudinal bars18, and the front ends of these bars are fitted loosely on the pivotalrod 16. Said front ends of the curved bars 1S are spaced at properdistances apart by the employment of collars 21, which are threadedloosely on the pivotal rod in the intervals between the bars 18, andsaid bars are disposed in groups or pairs between the lugs 17 on therail 10 of the wheeled frame,

' crushing-frame.

whereby the lugs and the collars coact in spacing the bars 18 at properdistances from each other; but the crushing-frame as an entirety is freeto be adjusted in a vertical direction on the horizontal axis affordedby the pivotal rod 16. By mounting the front ends of the bars on thepivotal rod and spacing them apart in the manner described and byfastening the rear rail 19 firmly to the opposite ends of the curvedbars the bars are held in parallel posit-ions and at proper distancesapart under all conditions of service, and thus the teeth on therevoluble heads and the teeth 2O are adapted to play or move freely inthe space between l(he crushing-bars.

'lhecrushing-frame is designed to be raised out of operative position intransporting the machine from one place to another, and to lower theframe into working position I provide an adjusting appliance which issupported by the wheeled frame and is connected operatively to the rearend of the crushing-frame. A post 22 is xed to the rail 11 of thewheeled frame, and said post is' provided wilh a notched segment 23. Anadjusting-lever 24 is fulcrumed, as at 25, on the post 22 in a positionconcentric with the arc.

of the segment 23, and said lever 24 carries a latch 26, which iscontrolled bya grip-lever 27, that is mounted on said lever 24, thelatch being disposed on the lever 24 to engage with the notched segment23. The operative lever 24 is equipped with a short arm 20, to which isfitted a link 30, and from this link extends the connecting chain orcable 31, which is fastened to the rear rail 19 of the By moving thelever 24 in one direction the crushing-frame may be raised for itscurved bars and the teeth 2O to clear .the ground, and the lever andframe are held in their adjusted positions by the engagement of thelatch 26 with the segment. A reverse adjustment of the lever operates tolower the crushingframe to bring its bars and the teeth into workingposition, and the crushing-frame may be raised or lowered, more or less,as desired, by the operator and required by the nature of the ground,the frame being maintained in its proper position by the latch engagingwith the segment. The teeth 2O are arranged in alternate spacesl formedby and between the curved crushingbars 18, and' these teeth are mountedon the crushing -frame for adjustment independently of the raising andlowering of the crushing-frame in its entirety. Each tooth 20 is pivotedat a point intermediate of itslength by a pin 32, which is vsupported byadjacent bars 18, and the upper end of said tooth 2O is forked orbifurcated to extend above the crushingbars. To the forked upper end ofeach tooth is connected a pitmavn 34, and the series of pitmen from theseries of pivoted teeth 2O eX- tend rearwardly for operative connectionto a rock-shaft 35, which is common to all the pitmen. This rock-shaftis disposed in a position across the crushing-frame near the rear rail19 thereof, and the ends of said shaft are mounted or journaled in shortposts 36,whicl1 are secured firmly to the bars 18 at the ends of thecrushing-frame. The rock-shaft 35 carries aseries of depending arms 37,to which are pivotally connected the rear ends of the pitmen 34, and tosaid rock-shaft is firmly secured an adjusting-lever 38. Thisadjustinglever carries a latch 39, adapted to engage with a notched arc40 on a short post 4l,which is secured firmly to the rear rail 19 of thecrushing-frame, and thus the rock-shaft may be held by the lever andlatch connections at any point of its adjustment with reference to thecrushing-frame. It is evident that the lever 38 may be thrown in aforward direction to make the pitman incline the pivoted teeth forwardlyand downwardly with reference to the crushing-frame; but a reverseadjustment of this lever turns the shaft to move the pivoted teeth 20 tovertical positions or to rearwardly-inclined positions, thus regulatingthe position of the teeth with reference to the ground-line anddetermining the penetration of said teeth.

My machine also contemplates the employ ment of a series of revolubleheads, which are carried by a frame consisting of side bars 42 and ameans for adjusting said side bars. The front ends of the side bars arepivoted on the rod 1G, adjacent to the end bars 18 of thecrushing-frame, and the rear ends of said side bars are provided withlongitudinal slots 43, which receive the studs or pins 44 on the arms 45of a. rock-shaft 46. This -rockshaft is arranged across the wheeledframe in rear of the rail 19 of the crushing-frame, and said shaft ismounted in bearings 47, which are secured firmly to said rail 19. Therock-shaft 46 has a lever 48 secured firmly thereto, and this lever isequipped with a latch 49 to engage with a notched arc 50 on a short post51, which is fastened firmly to the rear rail of the crushing-frame. Theside bars 42, which constitute the head-frame support, the arbor orshaft 52, which is mounted in said side bars 42 at points intermediateof their length. The shaft or arbor 52 carries a series of heads ordisks 53, that are fast with the shaft to rotate therewith, and eachhead 53 has a series of radial spikes or teeth 54, which protrude asuflicient distance from the shaft to enter the ground. The teeth of therevoluble heads on the shaft 52 work in alternate spaces between thecurved bars 18, which constitute the crushing frame, and in theintermediate spaces of the crushing-bars are the pivoted teeth 20, whichare arranged, preferably, to lie below the shaft 52. It will thus beseen that the two series of pivoted and rotary teeth are mounted on theimplement to act on the ground at substantially the same transverse lineof the wheeled frame, and the teeth are IIO thus caused to thoroughlycrush the clods and the rear rail ll of the wheeled frame, andthis seatis disposed in a position which will enable the operator or driver toeasily grasp either of the series of three levers 24 3S 48.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that the crushing-frameand the headcarrying frame are pivoted on a common rod and that thecrushing-frame supports the devices by which the series of pivoted teethmay be raised or lowered and the devices for adjusting the frame 42 andthe series of revoluble heads which are supported by the shaft 52, thatis mounted in the frame 42. From this construction and arrangement ofparts it follows that an adjustment of the lever 24 by the operatorserves to raise or lower the crushing-frame, and with it the teeth 20and the revoluble toothed heads 53. The operating devices of theimplement may thus be raised above the ground to make the teeth freefrom contact therewith on transporting the machine to and from the fieldor from one field to another; but to throw the implement into operationit is only necessary to adjust the lever 24 in a direction to lower thecrushing-frame and all parts associated therewith. The lever 38 may beturned by the driver to regulate the position of the pivoted teethrelatively to the bars of the crushing-frame, and this adjustment of thepivoted teeth may be eected independently of any adjustment of thecrushing-frame itselfor of the frame `42, which carries the revolubletoothed heads. In like manner the lever 4S may be adj usted by thedriver to raise or lower the bars 42 to correspondingly affect the shaftand the series of revoluble heads thereon, such adjustment of thetoothed heads 53 being effected without disturbing the position of thecrushing-frame or the pivoted teeth.

In the practical service of the implement the crushing-bars 18 crush'theclods, while the teeth 2O and the teeth54 of the revoluble heads serveto pulverize the ground. Under some conditions of service it isdesirable to raise the revoluble teeth out of operation, and this mayeasily be effected by moving the lever 48.

Changes in the form, proportion, size, and the minor details ofconstruction Within the scope of the appended claims maybe resorted towithout departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantagesof this invention.

What I claim isl. In a harrow, the combination with a wheeled frame, ofa crushing-frame hung therein and provided with a series of adjustableteeth, a head-carrying frame also hung to the wheeled frame andsupporting the toothed shaft, and independent adjusting contrivancesconnected with the wheeled frame and the crushing-frame for moving thecrushingframe and the head-carrying frame independently with relation tothe wheeled frame, su bstantially as described.

2. In a harrow, the combination with a wheeled frame, of acrushing-frame hung to said wheeled frame, a seriesof teeth pivoted tothe crushing-frame, a lever mounted on the crushing-frame and connectedwith said teeth for adjusting the latter with reference to saidcrushing-frame, another lever hung on the Wheeled frame and connected tothe crushing-frame for raising or lowering the same, a head -carryingframe hung to the wheeled frame, a shaft mounted in the head-carryingframe and provided with a series of spiked heads which are disposedalternately with relation to the teeth on the crushing-frame, and meansfor adjusting the head-carrying frame independently of thecrushing-frame, substantially as described.

3. In a harrow, the combination with a wheeled frame, of acrushing-frame consisting of a series of curved bars united firmlytogether and hung at their front ends on the wheeled fram e, meansforadj usting the crushin g-frame with relation to the wheeled frame,adjustable teeth hung on the bars of the crushing-frame, and anadjusting device supported by the crushing-frame and connected with theseries of adjustable teeth, for the purpose described, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a harrow, the combination with a Wheeled frame, of a series ofcurved bars united together to form a crushing-frame and pivotallyconnected to the wheeled frame, means supported by the wheeled frame andconnected to the crushing-frame for adjusting the latter, a series ofteeth connected to the bars of the crushing-frame, a rock-shaftjournaled on the crushing-frame and having alever and lockingcontrivances, and pitmen pivotally connected to the rock-shaft and theseries of teeth, substantially as described.

5. In a harrow, the combination with a wheeled frame, ofI a pivotal rodsupported by said frame, a series of curved bars forming acrushing-frame and hung loosely on the pivotal rod, spacing devicescoacting with said rod and the series of bars for maintaining the latterin spaced parallel relation, adjustable teeth pivoted on Y the bars ofthe crushingframe, adjusting devices supported by the crushing-frame andconnected operatively with said adjustable teeth,and means supported bythe wheeled frame for adjusting the crushing-frame with relationthereto, substantially as described.

6. In a harrow, the combination with a wheeled frame, of a crushingtoothed frame supported thereima head-carrying frame having its sidebars hung to the main frame for adjustment with relation to thecrushingframe, a shaft journaled in the head-carrying frame and providedwith a series of revoluble spiked heads, and a rock-shaft having linkconnections with the head carrying frame, substantially as described.

'7. In a harrow, the combination with a wheeled frame, and a toothedcrushing-frame carried thereby, of side bars pivoted to the wheeledframe and having the slotted rear ends, a rock-shaft Vjournaled on thecrushing- IOO IIO

frame and provided With arms which are connected operatively to theslotted ends of the pivoted side bars, a lever on said rock-shaft andcarrying a latch device adapted to engage with a segment on thecrushing-frame, and a shaft mounted in the side bars and carrying spikedheads, substantially as described.

8.v In a harrow, the combination with a wheeled frame, of a pivotal rodsupported by the Wheeled frame at its front end, a crushing-frame hungon said rod, an adjusting-1ever carried by the Wheeled frame andconnected operatively to the crushing-frame, a f

series of pivoted teeth mounted on the bars of the crushing-frame, arock-shaft supported by the crushing-frame and having link con-

